The answer is the fall of the Mughal Empire
I believe the correct term is "free enterprise".
Answer:
What he said: I write an argumentative letter in which he commented on an opinion that accused our civilization of closing in, and through which it became clear that the Islamic civilization contributed to the advancement of nations and interacted with them.
Explanation:
After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.