Before your food passes from the mouth and down your esophagus, salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, begins to digest the starch in your bread. That is the start of chemical digestion. ... The passage of the bolus through the esophagus to the stomach occurs by peristalsis, a series of wave-like muscle contractions.
Answer:
lytic
Explanation:
The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell
Answer:
Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.
Explanation:
Asexual reproduces like budding for example, mushrooms do this. while sexual reproduction is like it sounds, male and female reproduction through intercourse like mammals.
Answer:
1. Map-based genome sequencing: a; c; f; g
2. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing: b
3. Both sequencing methods: d; e
Explanation:
Map-based genome sequencing is a method that makes use of a reference genome sequence in order to determine the relative position of the DNA fragments before they are sequenced. This method is useful to determine the position of repetitive DNA fragments (for example, duplicated genes, repetitive non-coding regions, etc.) and Transposable Elements. Therefore, map-based genome sequencing is a suitable approach for large genomes (which are usually composed of repetitive sequences). On the other hand, in whole-genome shotgun sequencing, DNA sequences are obtained before the correct order of these DNA fragments is known. In this method, the genome is fragmented randomly into small DNA sequences (between 100 and 1000 base pairs), which are subsequently sequenced through the chain-termination sequencing approach (i.e., Sanger sequencing) and finally ordered by using bioinformatic tools that assemble overlapping reads.
