Andrew Jackson was one of the most powerful and influential presidents of the nineteenth century. Jackson implemented polices that profoundly affected the territorial, political, and economic development of the united states. He organized the relocation of more than 90,000 indians from the eastern united states to territories west of the Mississippi River. He strengthened the union by rejecting South Carolina's claim that it possessed the authority to nullify federal laws. AND he destroyed the bank of the united states, leaving the nation without a central bank capable of monitoring the nations money supply. He was considered the common mans president. He was also involved in many duels.
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In the last decade of the 19th century, African Americans suffered segregation, exclusion, discrimination and racism. The Civil War assured the freedom of around 4 million black people. Despite the adoption of the 14th amendment and being given legal rights to elect and be elected, black people faced huge social and political inequality.
In the South, state legislatures had passed a series of laws that impeded African Americans from participating in elections. Poll taxes and literacy tests were put in place and turned into formidable barriers for the black southern populations given their poverty and lack of education. Those were the Jim Crow laws.
In 1896, a landmark US Supreme Court decision upheld segregated but equal faciliities for different racial groups as constitutional, validating the Jim Crow laws. That was the situation of African Americans by the late 19th century.
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Truman was elected to be a judge in the jackson county court in kansas city, missouri in 1922.
In the 600's, Islam spread far North and East Africa through trade and the spread of the Arabic language. The expansion of the Arab Empire in the years following the Prophet Muhammad's death led to the creation of caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area and conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activities particularly those of Imams, who easily intermingled with local populace to propagate the religious teachings.
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