Tycho Brahe
1609
Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630), a student of Tycho Brahe, publishes Astronomia Nova (New Astronomy), which contain his first two laws of planetary motion. Kepler's first law assumes that Mars has an elliptical orbit, which was a revolutionary idea at the time. Until then, the classical belief held that a circle was perfect, and therefore all orbits must be circular.
1609
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) observes Mars with a primitive telescope, becoming the first person to use it for astronomical purposes.
1659
The Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695) draws Mars using an advanced telescope of his own design. He records a large, dark spot on Mars, probably Syrtis Major. He notices that the spot returns to the same position at the same time the next day, and calculates that Mars has a 24 hour period.
1666
Giovanni Cassini (1625 - 1712) observes Mars and determines that the rotational period, or length of one Mars day is 24h, 40m.
1672
Huygens is the first to notice a white spot at the south pole, probably the southern polar cap.
1698
Huygens publishes Cosmotheros, which discusses what is required of a planet to support life, and speculates about intelligent extraterrestrials. This is one of the first published expositions of extraterrestrial life.
Historical Perspective...
The Trial of Galileo
The 1600s were not an easy time in which to study science. The church was a powerful institution and had its own ideas about the nature of the universe. Galileo was a beliver in the Copernican theory that the solar system revolves around the sun. He was advised by Cardinal Bellarmino to be cautious and not to imply the the Copernican theory were real. He published a book, Siderius Nuncius (Starry Messenger) which was considered controversial and in opposition with the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church, and was arrested and tried in the Inquisition. Galileo was found guilty of heresy and was sentenced to life imprisonment and forced to recant. In secret, he wrote another book, which was smuggled out of the country and published in France. His work is now considered the foundation of modern physics.
Answer:
hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.
Explanation:
Some abolitionists and enslaved African Americans distrusted the American colonization society and their goals differed from that of the ACS.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Differences of opinion existed among the people of US regarding the grant of citizenship to former slaves. Some thought they would be better off in Africa which is their birthplace where they will be free from racial discrimination. But some believed that they should be allowed to stay back in the US as free citizens.
American Colonization Society was formed in 1817 to transport free blacks to Africa. A colony was formed in the west coast of Africa. This later became the nation Liberia. Anti-slavery advocates thought that this approach is not progressive and the intent of the move was the retention of slavery.
The ACS slowly declined faced by the oppositions after 1840.
The most significant difference between the Northern and Southern Carolina settlements was that southerners grew rich on rice while the northerners poor grew tobacco.
Answer:
in the Islamic religion, a disagreement about Muhammad (peace be upon him)'s successor broke out that had split islam into two which became known as the Sunni and Shi’a denominations
