It caused an increase in manufacturing because they suddenly had so many supplies to make. They had to manufacture clothes, weapons, and other necessaries quickly in short time. This was a spark that made manufacturing things faster than it was before in America.
It's a custom that allows the US Senate the right to confirm or not to confirm a presidential appointment of an official in or from a state when the appointment is opposed by the senators.
Because the independent nations had different policies which made it harder for the british to support the other people of the democracy. They were more "challnged".