Answer:
I think it's the first one
Chromium is a micro-nutrient. The role of the chromium is to maintain carbohydrate metabolism at a molecular level. For optimum activity of insulin, chromium is required. It auto amplify insulin signalling. Insulin regulates blood glucose (carbohydrate) thus, chromium participates in the metabolism of carbohydrate.
Answer:
We have just seen that pathogens constitute a diverse set of agents. There are correspondingly diverse ranges of mechanisms by which pathogens cause disease. But the survival and success of all pathogens require that they colonize the host, reach an appropriate niche, avoid host defenses, replicate, and exit the infected host to spread to an uninfected one. In this section, we examine the common strategies that are used by many pathogens to accomplish these tasks.
Explanation:
The first step in infection is for the pathogen to colonize the host. Most parts of the human body are well-protected from the environment by a thick and fairly tough covering of skin. The protective boundaries in some other human tissues (eyes, nasal passages and respiratory tract, mouth and digestive tract, urinary tract, and female genital tract) are less robust. For example, in the lungs and small intestine where oxygen and nutrients, respectively, are absorbed from the environment, the barrier is just a single monolayer of epithelial cells.
Skin and many other barrier epithelial surfaces are usually densely populated by normal flora. Some bacterial and fungal pathogens also colonize these surfaces and attempt to outcompete the normal flora, but most of them (as well as all viruses) avoid such competition by crossing these barriers to gain access to unoccupied niches within the host.
I believe it’s the Carboxyl group but confirm online. Hope this helped :))
Answer:
Molecular Evidence has recently made it necessary to assign the prokaryotes to either of two different domains.
Explanation:
- There was an OLD 5 classification system :
- Monera
- Protists
- Plants
- Fungi
2. NEW 3 domain system reflects :
- A greater understanding of evolution
- Molecular evidence
Thus, the new domain includes :
- Prokaryote : Bacteria
- Prokaryote : Achaebacteria
3. Eukaryotes :
- Protists
- Plants
- Fungi
- Animals
