The complete adjective clause in the sentence is F. that I have prepared.
An adjective clause usually starts with who, whom, when, where, why, that or which. Most often it provides more information and description; however, it will not change the meaning of the sentence.
The answer would be a debate. Like a presidential debate.
Direct characterization is when the author specifically tells the reader the traits of a character. In this excerpt, Dickens tells you that the woman is elderly, wise, experienced and knows what is "good for children". If Dickens had used indirect characterization, he would have need to shown her wisdom and experience by including specific examples. The reader would then be lead to develop his own conclusion about the whether or not the woman was wise and experienced.