Question

Elected public officials in the Roman Republic were called __________.

Answer 1

The answer is magistrates.

Answer 2

Elected public officials in the Roman Republic were called magistrates.

There were many different levels and titles of magistrates, so here are a few examples:
Censor - Censor's were in charge of the count of citizens (population) and also had a few responsibilities to look after public virtue and public finances. 
Governor - A governor's responsibility was to collect taxes and be in charge of the local Roman army. Governor's are also known as proconsuls.
Consuls - Consuls were at the top of the Roman Republic. They had the decisions of what the laws were, if they wanted to go to war, and also taxes. 

The other titles of magistrates are: Consuls, Senators, Plebeian Council, Tribunes, Governors, Aedile, and Censor.