The correct answer of the given question above would be option C. METAPHOR. The given sentence above from "Self-Reliance", the type of figurative language used is metaphor. A metaphor is a figurative language that compares two different things. In this sentence, society and joint-stock company are being compared. Hope this answer helps.
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Ethos is about establishing your authority to speak on the subject, logos is your logical argument for your point and pathos is your attempt to sway an audience emotionally.
