The "mandate of heaven" is a Chinese political and religious doctrine applying of the Emperor of China, or how they used to call the ruler of China: the "Son of Heaven" of their "Celestial Empire". Basically they believed that it was not required for a legitimate ruler to be of noble birth, but instead he would gain the right to rule based on the just and able performance of the rulers and their heirs, therefore if ever doing something immoral or unjust the ruler would lose the "mandate of heaven", the right to rule.
All of the wonders on the list are UNESCO World Heritage sites and were chosen by an online poll of tens of millions of votes in 2007. If you couldn't name all seven (but hopefully now you can), then naming the Ancient Seven Wonders of The World could prove even more difficult
