The correct answer for 1 is d. none of the above
In compatibilism, both free will and universal determinism exist as compatible
categories. When it comes to material everyday things, people do have free will
while when it comes to metaphysics they don’t. The two occurrences are not
logically incompatible when it comes to compatibilist theory.
The correct answer for 2 is a. Skepticism, empiricism,
rationalism
These are three common schools of thought when it comes to
epistemology. Skepticism and empiricism by far the most popular going back for millennia,
while rationalism is a bit newer but still important. Skepticism is a system in
which you should doubt everything while in empiricism you need to prove
everything physically.
The correct answer for 3 is b. There is no permanent self
There is no permanent self in this theory because the self
changes all the time due to various factors. There is no such thing as an
everlasting unique self because various influences influence how the concept of
self is changed as time passes by. This doesn’t even have to be a thing in the
long run as the self can change rapidly too.
The correct answer for 4 is a. Illusion theory
Illusion theory is the part of the question above. You
wouldn’t have to save for retirement since the concept of self that you have
might change, or more likely will certainly change. So the money that you would
be saving would not actually be for you in the future because the future you
would be different from the present you.
The correct answer for 5 is c. Idealism, Dualism,
Physicalism
In idealism, the concept of the body might not even exist
since all is based around how our mind creates it and there is no evidence that
can prove that the real world is not just a part of our mind. Physicalism is
the opposite with the negation of the concept of mind and soul and self.
Dualism is the mixture of the two.
The correct answer for 6 should be c. idealism
Idealism is most discredited one because nothing in it can
be actually proven and is mostly based on belief. In idealism, the mind takes
the most important seat and the body might not even exist. It’s similar to what
Decartes spoke when he spoke about the sorcerer putting a spell on us to lie to
us.
The correct answer for 7 should be a. Moral dilemma
Moral dilemmas occur when we try to qualify an act as something
good or bad because even something good can actually become bad and something
bad can actually be something good. That’s why ethics and morality are a highly
problematic thing to deal with since it can go from strict normativity to
complete relativity
The correct answer for 8 should be a. Morality is relative
to the norms of one’s culture
Ethical relativists believe that ethics and morality are
relative to the culture that produced them. Each culture has its own set of
morals and ethical beliefs and these often clash with those from another
culture or society. That’s why you might think something done in a culture is
bad while they might think something in your culture is bad.
There are numerous perspectives on women in various cultures
and it goes from full liberalism of identity to full suppression of freedom out
of various cultural practices and beliefs. For example, there are tribes in Africa
where women are considered to be the most important ones and there is a
matriarchy, but there are also tribes in that same Africa where women who have
period have to hide from people so as to not bring evil spirits to them. The
two ones are in opposition and they are even on the same continent. Now imagine
how much the entire world’s perspectives clash.
Science can’t prove philosophical things rapidly. Not only
can it not do that rapidly, but it can’t do it at all. There is no scientific
research that could ever be done regarding the existence of a soul or a divine
being or anything similar. Although scientific achievements have motivated
people to discredit the idea of a God for example, that does not mean that
science can prove that there is no god, so people who believe still have their
belief intact.
