Meat from other animals. It doesn't say any specific type of animals, but it said that they would eat animals larger than themselves by tearing the flesh with their sharp beaks. They would not shake the prey from side to side, but rather slam it on the ground.
Hydrogen bonds allow for cohesion and adhesion. Think water properties
He discovered that cells come from cells that already exist
It is the arrangement of nucleotide within the genes which differs among DNA structures of different species. Each gene contains several codons which is three nucleotide long. Several nucleotide are present in a DNA strand that is why we call it as polynucleotide. The sequence of nucleotide with in the DNA describes the sequence of mRNA and so is transcribed into proteins. Any change in the arrangement of nucleotide will change the final protein which is formed.