Six different volcanoes joined together
The energy is generated by the semi-molten core of the earth which drives the convection currents in the mantle and which causes the plates to move in plate tectonics. James Hutton was the first geologist to intepret that the plutonic rocks on surface like granite were once molten.
The Indo-Aryan migration theory says that Indo-Aryan languages were introduced into Anadolia, the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and inner Asia during the 2nd millenium BC.
Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization ( 3300 - 1300 BC ) in the northwest regions of South Asia ( today: northeast Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwest India ). It flourished in the basins of Indus river. It is also known as the Harrapan civilization. Around 1800 BC signs of decline of that civilization began to emerge. Many scholars believe that a decline in trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia and the climate change caused the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization ( not an invasion of the Indo-Aryan tribes ).
Significance of Indo-Aryan tribal migrations are:
- spread of the Indo-Aryan languages,
- spread of the new culture and the Vedic-Brahmanic culture,
- the new burial rites: cremation burial, dominant in Hinduism today,
- many new settlements in the Indus Valley began to appear and other increased in size.
