<span>The Louisiana Purchase in 1803.</span>
D. The Department of Veterans Affairs
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Answer:
Through the institutions of literature, astronomy, anatomy, and art.
Explanation:
The Renaissance changed view of people through the institutions of literature, astronomy, anatomy, and art. These institution increase knowledge and the ability to raise questions about their rights. The Middle Ages were a time of darkness of the European nations. The people of Europe lived their life without having any rights and according to the will of the church. During the Renaissance, the people had more awareness about their rights and potential to change their lives.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, bureaucracy became "professionalized" by hiring only the most competent employees for each government job position. In order to prove their proficiency, any candidate applying for a job in the government had to undergo a test based on the knowledge and skills required to perform efficiently at work. This system based on hiring only the best individuals is known as "meritocracy," and largely contrasts with the usual way of hiring bureaucrats by giving government jobs to noblemen and wealthy people regardless of their suitability for the jobs.