im not even sure tbh these are really hard im so sorry
Answer: Directional selection occurs when individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other. ... Directional selection does the “heavy lifting” of evolution by tending to move the trait mean toward the optimum for the environment.
"Carpeting", and "furniture increased ventilation" inefficient indoor cook stoves "VOCs from paints".
Option: C
<u>Explanation</u>:
VOC's are really harmful solvents that are released in the air as the paint dries. The VOC's can create acute health symptoms which may result harmful after some time, like dizziness, headache, and many more. Generally, the long term effects are not that evident, but some VOC's are more carcinogens according to US environmental protection agency. Although, many paint companies claim that their paints are VOC free which is actually false. It might be true that the VOC is not present in the base of the paint, but when the pigment is added to the paint the VOC increases. Hence, carpeting, furniture, cook stoves and VOC's from paints are really harmful indoor pollutants.
Therapeutic cloning<span>generates personalized ES cells
o Uses the technique of nuclear transplantation to produce cultured ES cells
o The cell that has received the transplanted nucleus is allowed to undergo the earliest steps of development giving rise to a very early embryo consisting of about 200 cells
• Not transferred into the uterus of a foster mother but used as a source from which ES cells are derived
o Cells obtained are genetically identical to the original donor
• Can be grafted back into the adult from whom the donor tissue was taken without fear of immunological rejection</span>
Answer:
Release of electrons from reducing powers to O2 via four protein complexes allows release of small amount of energy at each step and makes the process energy efficient.
Explanation:
If NADH and FADH2 would reduce O2 directly, a large amount of energy would have been released in a single step. On the other hand, oxidation of these reducing powers through a series of electron carrier release a small amount of energy at each step which in turn is temporarily stored in form of proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Transfer of a pair of the electron to O2 pumps four protons by complex I, four by complex III and two by complex IV. The resultant proton motive force effectively stores the energy of electron transfer. This energy is then used to drive ATP synthesis.
