Enzyme activity can be affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, pH, and concentration. Enzymes work best within specific temperature and pH ranges, and sub-optimal conditions can cause an enzyme to lose its ability to bind to a substrate.
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The digestive hormones produced by the small intestine are:
• Gastrin
• Secretin
• Motilin
Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, secretes noradrenaline and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes glucocorticoids during stress.
SAM (Sympathetic-adreno-medullar) axis activation occurs in just a seconds as a result of a stressor and generate a adaptive respond towards stressor. The HPA axis is a slower response system involving release of corticosteroids .
Corticosteroids are corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, Which suppress the immune system . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
To learn more about Corticosteroids , here
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Answer:
Conduction, simply put, is the transfer of heat through matter. ... Hot air rises, but heat flows from hot to cold, regardless of direction. Heat will continue to flow through matter, from hot to cold, until there is no longer a difference in temperature between hot and cold, a condition known as thermal equilibrium
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