No taxation without representation
The colonists considered taxation without representation as tyranny hence the coining of the slogan which captured the reason for the Revolutionary War. This is because the colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed.
The answer is c, an alliance is the formal name
The Republican Party was formed from the Whig Party, since the main issue tying most Whigs together was slavery. The Republican ideology soon became about abolition, as well as federal power over the states.