Answer:
independent groups
posttest only
pretest/posttest
Explanation:
Posttest-only and pretest/posttest are the two elementary structures for experiments with independent-groups designs.
A posttest only design is most useful when spontaneous behavior is required from the participants.
Pretest-posttest designs developed from the posttest only design to consider issues of assignment bias and allocation of the participants, as they can avoid selection effects.
Answer:
One principal is that power is shared and delegated.
Explanation:
The magna carta was a document that stopped the King from having unfair power. The bill of Rights stated that power was shared.
English translation for those who are going to answer: What is the hierarchy of nuclei in the Portuguese language?
The founders established Congress as a bicameral legislature as a check against tyranny. They feared having any one governmental body become too strong. This bicameral system distributes power within two houses that check and balance one another rather than concentrating authority in a single body. The House of Representatives is the larger body with membership based on each state’s population. The Senate is the smaller body with each state having two delegates. With one hundred members, the Senate is a more intimate, less formal legislative body than the House, which has 435 members elected from districts that are roughly the same size in population.
Members of Congress must reside in the district or state that elects them, although the Constitution does not specify for how long. Residency can become a campaign issue, as it did when former first lady and current secretary of state, Hillary Rodham Clinton, ran for a Senate seat from New York soon after leaving the White House, despite having never lived in the state. She was successful despite having to fend off criticism that as a carpetbagger she was not suited to represent New York’s interests in Congress. The term “carpetbagger” refers to a politician who runs for office from an area where he or she has lived for only a short time and has few community ties. It derives from a derogatory term coined after the Civil War referring to Northerners who went south to profit from the Reconstruction, carrying “carpet bags” for luggage. Members of Congress are elected locally to serve nationally. All aspects of members’ jobs, whether it be making laws or providing service to people in their home districts, are influenced by this dual concern with representing local constituencies while dealing with national policy.
