Question

A. review what happens in the process of natural selection?

Answer 1

1. What happens in the process of natural selection;
Natural selection is the process which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring. Natural selection occurs in any situations in which more individuals are born than can survive (the struggle for existence), there is natural heritable variation (variation and adaptation), and there is variable fitness among individuals referred to as survival of the fittest.

2. Organisms with greater fitness generally leave more offspring than organisms that are less fit.
This is because the organism is better adapted to their environment than the other organism. They can survive and reproduce more while individuals with characteristics that are not suited for their environment either die without reproducing or leave few offspring and are said to have low fitness.

3. Similarity and differences between natural selection and artificial selection; 
In both artificial and natural selection, only certain individuals in a population produce new individuals. However;  in natural selection, the environment- not a farmer or animal breeder- influences fitness.

4. Hutton's and Lyell's ideas are important to Darwin; 
This is due to the fact that they both contributed to Darwin's theory, which implies that life has been on Earth for a very long time- enough time for all this descent with modification to occur. They stated that: Deep time gave enough time for natural selection to act. For evidence of descent with modification over long periods of time, Darwin pointed to the fossil records.

5. Evolutionary tree and what it implies about all species living and extinct
Evolutionary tree or phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationship among organisms. The evolutionary trees show the diversity of life on the idea that species change over time. They imply how all organisms are related. 

6. Structure of the lion's teeth an adaptation to the lion
Adaptation involves heritable characteristic that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment. 
The structure of lion's teeth is an adaptation to the lion because they increase the lions ability to kill prey and tear meat, making it adaptable to an ecosystem and increasing its survival.