The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus<span> is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean classification for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.</span>
Answer:
Having considered how an appropriate primary immune response is mounted to pathogens in both the peripheral lymphoid system and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, we now turn to immunological memory, which is a feature of both compartments. Perhaps the most important consequence of an adaptive immune response is the establishment of a state of immunological memory. Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively to pathogens that have been encountered previously, and reflects the preexistence of a clonally expanded population of antigen-specific lymphocytes. Memory responses, which are called secondary, tertiary, and so on, depending on the number of exposures to antigen, also differ qualitatively from primary responses. This is particularly clear in the case of the antibody response, where the characteristics of antibodies produced in secondary and subsequent responses are distinct from those produced in the primary response to the same antigen. Memory T-cell responses have been harder to study, but can also be distinguished from the responses of naive or effector T cells. The principal focus of this section will be the altered character of memory responses, although we will also discuss emerging explanations of how immunological memory persists after exposure to antigen. A long-standing debate about whether specific memory is maintained by distinct populations of long-lived memory cells that can persist without residual antigen, or by lymphocytes that are under perpetual stimulation by residual antigen, appears to have been settled in favor of the former hypothesis.
The explanation regarding the advantage of reproduction that represents the graph should be described below.
Advantages of reproduction:
Here the graph represents the bacteria population that should be raised as the time passes. At the time of 1st hour, the bacteria population should be 50 per ml.
In the second hour, the population should be doubled. In the third hour it should be 200 per ml and in 3 and half hours, the population should be 300 per ml. So here we can see that the population should be doubled with every hour.
The sulphur would lable the capsule and the phosphorous the nucleic acid.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
Hershey and Chase experiment included growing of the pages in two batches, one in presence of 35S and other in presence of 32P. They then infected bacterial cells with these phages, cleaned them and then centrifuge the cells to isolate the marked elements in bacterial cells.
This was done to isolate which part of the phage is actually infective. Sulphur being a part of the proteins will mark the capsule whereas DNA having the phosphate bridges will be marked by 32P.
