Nocturia, or nocturnal polyuria, is a medical term which means excessive urination at night. The two primary causes of nocturia are hormone imbalance and vesicle problems. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) are two of the hormones that controls the body water level. AVP is an antidiuretic hormone produced by hypothalamus while ANH is released by cardiac muscle cells in response to high blood pressure. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is an antidiuretic hormone which increases water absorption in the collecting duct systems of of kidney nephrons subsequently decreasing urine production. In the abovementioned question, nocturia is caused by decreased production of antidiuretic hormone, which is the arginine vasopressin. Nocturia, moreover, is can be caused by congestive heart disease, nephritic syndrome or liver failure. Excessive nighttime drinking and obstructive apnea can also lead to nocturia
Respiratory- You breath faster to help supply the muscles with more oxygen.
Integumentary (skin) - Sweat helps cool down the body.
<span>The blood flows through hepatic portal vein traveling to the liver, then makes it another artery which is posterior vena cava making it to the heart. It makes itself afterward to the pulmonary artery where it reaches the lungs, going back to the heart via the pulmonary vein. Eventually, it goes to the kidney through different parts such as the aortic arch, dorsal aorta and the renal artery.</span>
<em>You will find the cell in metaphase and the draw of the gametes in the attached files</em>
Answer:
Gametes: RY, RX, rY, rX
Explanation:
During metaphase I, homologous pairs migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles. The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells. When tetrads aline in the equatorial plane, there is no predetermined order for each of the homologous chromosomes of each tetrad to face one of the poles and then migrate to it while separating. Any chromosome of the homologous pair might face any of the poles and then migrate to it. Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane.
During metaphase II, when the new haploid cells are formed, the number of variations in each cell is also different and depends on the chromosomes that form that cell. This random order in the equatorial plane is what introduces variation into the gametes. It is almost impossible that two gametes resulting from meiosis will get the same genetic charge.
Diploid cell) RrXY
Gametes) RY, rY, RX, rX
The alleles of each of the genes randomly migrate to different poles and combine with the allele of the other gene that migrated to the same pole.
