Answer:
Bariatric surgery is performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested.
TRUE
Explanation:
Bariatric surgery is an obesity surgery which entails the alteration of the digestive system
A. Muscle
B. Tendon
C. Cartilage
D. Ligament
E. Bone
I would appreciate a brainliest! <33
Answer: Phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs
Explanation:
TLRs or Toll-like receptors, are a family of proteins that are part of the innate immune system. TLRs are transmembranous and recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are groups of chemical characteristics common to certain types of pathogens. Patterns detected by TLRs include lipopolysaccharide, a compound found on the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria, and double-stranded RNA, which is an integral part of the life cycles of many viruses. These PAMPs are generally important for the survival of the pathogen, so they are well preserved. <u>Activation of these receptors induces inflammatory responses in leukocytes of myeloid lineage, signaling via NF-κB, which is a transcription factor that activates pro-inflammatory genes</u>. Activated TLRs also increase the production of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. These proteins, expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, are necessary for the activation of T-lymphocytes by dentritic cells and macrophages already showing antigens in their MHC type II molecules (Major Histocompatibility Complex, they participate in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes)
<u>In addition, TLR-mediated signaling on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays an important role in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses</u>.
Answer:
The birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap.
Explanation:
The correct answer would be that the birds do not breed with each other where their territories overlap.
<em>A species consists of organisms that are phenotypically similar and are capable of mating to produce fertile progeny.</em>
<u>Hence, the first thing to establish that two organisms are not of the same species is the inability to breed with each other. If an eventuality occurs and they are able to breed, the resulting progeny would be invalid</u>.
Therefore the fact that the golden-cheeked warbler and the black-throated green warbler do not breed with each other where their territories overlap is enough information to determine that the birds are separate species.
