The Urinary bladder controls the elimination of urine from the body.
- The lower abdomen contains this triangle-shaped, hollow organ. Ligaments that are connected to the pelvic bones and other organs hold it in place.
- When storing pee, the bladder's walls relax and expand; when emptying urine through the urethra, they contract and flatten.
- The typical healthy adult bladder has a two to five-hour storage capacity of up to two cups of urine.
Three parts of bladder allow urine to be discharged:
- A pair of sphincter muscles. By tightly shutting around the bladder opening like a rubber band, these circular muscles assist prevent urine leakage.
- In the bladder's nerves. When it's time to urinate or empty the bladder, the nerves let the person know.
- Urethra. Urine can travel through this tube and leave the body. Urine leaks from the bladder as a result of the brain's tightening signal to the bladder muscles.
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The true statements are:
- Substrate level phosphorylation ocvurs during Pyruvate oxidation
- 32 ATP molecules can be made by cellular respiration but only 2 ATP molecules when oxygen is lacking
- Electrons move from protein to protein due to increasing electronegativity in the electron transport chain
- ADP is phosphorylated in the matrix of the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation
- ATP inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase by feedback inhibition
<h3>What is glucose oxidation?</h3>
Glucose oxidation refers to the process in the cells in which glucose molecules are oxidized to form ATP and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen.
The first stage of glucose oxidation is the conversion to pyruvate.
Pyruvate is oxidized to acetylCoA.
AcetylCoA enters the citric acid cycle to produce reducing equivalents, NADH for the electron transport chain.
- The true statements about pyruvate oxidation is that there is substrate level phosphorylation during the process
- When there is sufficient oxygen, 36 ATP molecules can be made (theoretically) by cellular respiration. However, when oxygen is lacking, only 2 ATP molecules are made.
- In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, electrons move from protein to protein due to increasing electronegativity
- During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP is phosphorylated in the matrix of the mitochondria
- Aerobic respiration can be regulated by feedback inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase by ATP.
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The answer is invasive species.
Invasive species are species that are not native to specific ecosystem,
but they have a capability to spread widely through the ecosystem, This way
they can threaten native species of the ecosystem or cause
environmental harm.
<span>After being introduced into the Black Sea, they greatly affect local
ecosystem. In the new area, they have no natural predators and are able to
spread. If they spread beyond the area they are introduced, they
become invasive species which can overgrow native biotopes and are
a great threat to the local biodiversity. This could lead to the extinction
of some native species.</span>
<span>B is the correct answer. Multicellular organisms, as with almost all organisms, begin life as a single cell. The increase in the number of cells can be as a result of cell division or cells combining together. </span>
