Answer:
Date and latitude interact to determine photoperiod, the daily period of daylight. This interaction has important implications for latitudinal migrants for whom daylight may be a resource or for whom photoperiod regulates annual transitions in life‐history stages (i.e. birds).
Using an established formula, we developed user‐interactive, animated models that enable the visualization of how latitude and date determine photoperiod for latitudinal migrants. We also calculated the photoperiodic schedules for a broad range of hypothetical migratory programmes and real migratory programmes newly available through the proliferation of citizen‐science data. This enabled us to infer the limitations some migratory programmes place on mechanisms for photoperiodic regulation of annual breeding.
In the vast majority of cases, the act of migrating elevates annual daylight exposure. This raises the hypothesis that daylight availability selects for latitudinal migration, potentially contributing to its evolution in animals such as diurnal birds with limited time during the spring and summer to feed young. However, photoperiodic mechanisms regulating annual cycles could constrain the evolution of such migrations, depending on how they affect photoperiodic schedules. Most migratory programmes are consistent with known mechanisms of avian photoperiodism, but the range of feasible mechanisms declines for transequatorial migrants, which experience semi‐annual, 180°‐phase‐shifts in their photoperiodic cycles.
Understanding photoperiodic constraints on migration are particularly important in this age of changing latitudinal distributions and phenologies driven by climate change.
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Answer:
3 and 7
Explanation:
They have the same DNA genomes.
Answer:
The answer is A.
Explanation:
The arrows represents being eaten by other organisms.
(Correct me if I am wrong)
Answer:
D (proteins moving ions from low to high concentration across a cell membrane)
Explanation:
Active transport, by definition, is a type of substance transport that requires energy (typically in the form of ATP). Having said that, we can immediately eliminate B (aka water diffusion throughout the cytoplasm of a cell), as diffusion (osmosis in this case) does not require any expenditure/spending of energy. Next, we can cancel A and C because although they do require energy, there is no transport involved. Thus that leaves us with D. D is not only the answer because of the process of elimination but also b/c the ans. choice says that ions are being moved from low to high concentration, which is against the concentration gradient and thus requires energy. Hope you found this helpful! :)
