The phrase that best describes what type of sentence this is, is option C. Prepositional phrase modifying another prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase "on the beach" is modified by another prepositional phrase which is "by the sea". These are prepositional phrases because of the prepositions "on" and "by", used in these phrases.
Pathos the emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions.
Ethos means to convince an audience of the author’s credibility or character.
Logos the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason.
He is using Logos.