Answer: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - the high energy chemical compound with three phosphate groups that provides energy for all other cell activities
endocytosis - when cells engulf or ingest substances
cellular respiration - chemical reactions in plants and animals that break down food molecules into energy (ATP)
movement of particles or molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration - diffusion
when cells expel or get rid of substances from within- exocytosis
a solution that has a higher salt concentration than the salt - hypertonic
the relatively constant state in the internal environment of an organism - homeostasis
Explanation:
Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy currency that is required for providing energy for metabolic functions and activities in the body.
Endocytosis can be defined as the process through which a cell engulfs another cell or substances to get rid of them.
Cellular respiration can be defined as the process through which the food in the organisms is oxidized and broken into parts to release energy.
Diffusion involves the movement or transfer of gas, liquid, and solid particles from a region of higher to lower concentration without the requirement of semi-permeable membrane.
Exocytosis is a process in which the cell releases those substances that are required by the cell.
Hypertonic is a solution that has more solute concentration than solvent concentration.
Homeostasis is a tendency to maintain constancy in the internal environment of body in relation to changes occurring in the surrounding.
"The notion of ecological niche is central to ecological biogeography, which focuses on spatial patterns of ecological communities."Species distributions and their dynamics over time result from properties of the species, environmental variation..., and interactions between the two — in particular the abilities of some species, especially our own, to modify their environments and alter the range dynamics of many other species." Alteration of an ecological niche by its inhabitants is the topic of niche construction. The majority of species exist in a standard ecological niche, sharing behaviors and adaptations similar to the other closely related species within the same broad taxonomic class, but there are exceptions. A premier example of a non-standard niche filling species is the flightless, ground-dwelling kiwi bird of New Zealand, which feeds on worms and other ground creatures, and lives its life in a mammal-like niche. Island biogeography can help explain island species and associated unfilled niches."
Answers: examples of host defence mechanism include: Innate anatomical and physiological barriers, Innate cellular and chemical defenses.
Explanation:
The capability of the human body to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs is known as IMMUNITY. This host defence mechanism can be classified into INNATE or adaptive immunity.
The immunity that results from general processes, rather than from processes directed at specific disease organisms is called the INNATE IMMUNITY. The anatomical and physiological barriers of the innate immunity provides the first line of defence against pathogens. Examples of these barriers of the innate immunity includes:
--> Destruction of swallowed organisms by the low stomach pH and digestive enzymes
--> The vigorous mucociliary clearance mechanisms of the respiratory airways and lungs.
--> Resistance of the skin to invasion by organisms
While examples of innate cellular and chemical defenses include:
--> Phagocytosis of bacteria and other invaders by white blood cells and cells of the tissue macrophage System
--> lysozymes, a mucolytic polysaccharide that attacks bacteria and cause them to dissolute.
--> basic polypeptides which react and inactivate certain types of gram- positive bacteria
-->natural killer lymphocytes that can recognize and destroy foreign and tumor cells.
As this procedure is carried out in the natural habitats of this species, this is an <em>in-situ conservation</em>.
<em>In-situ conservation </em>is the type of conservation that occurs on site, where the natural populations of plants or animals are found.
Interleukin-5 (IL-5). IL-5 is responsible for the recruitment and maturation of eosinophil. Eosinophils on the other hand are majorly involved in the inflammatory response in asthma- characterised by narrowing of the airways. Mepolizumab and reslizumab are, therefore, anti-IL-5