All evolutionary changes that allow a species to change in response to the environment, are originally a result of

1 answer:

3 0

All evolutionary changes that allow a species to change in response to the environment, are originally a result of beneficial DNA mutations.

Beneficial genetic (DNA) mutations are result in individuals with special characteristics that allow them to survive better in the environment so they pass their genes to the next generation.

Here's a fictional example I made just for you!: Lets say you have an alien species called Hibas. They are jelly blobs that float around, don't move, and open their mouths to capture neon shrimps that happen to swim into their mouths. But one day a certain Hiba developed some muscles through a genetic mutation. It was able to "wiggle" through the water and steer itself instead of floating around. This allowed it to eat more neon shrimp than the other Hibas, so it grew faster and was able to reproduce faster. It's kids also had muscles and had an advantage so they reproduced faster then the other Hibas. Eventually the whole Hiba species started to have muscles because the ones that didn't weren't able to compete and did not survive as well.
The reason that most of the Hibas developed muscles was because one of them had a mutation that allowed it to have muscles. This was a BENEFICIAL mutation that allowed it to SURVIVE BETTER.

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The correct answer in discriminating between a viable and non-viable early intrauterine pregnancy is B: "Mean gestational sac diameter of > 25 mm and no embryo".

Explanation:

There are different criteria used to discriminate between a viable and a non-viable early intrauterine pregnancy. The most often used to diagnose pregnancy failure are:

- Crown-rump length criterion: This is the absence of cardiac activity by the time the embryo has reached crown-rump length. A crown-rump length of 7 mm or more with no cardiac activity has been suggested by the latest studies to diagnose a non-viable pregnancy. There is a substantial likelihood that a crown-rump length < 7 mm can result in a false-positive diagnosis of pregnancy failure.

- Mean sac diameter criterion: This is the absence of embryo by the time the gestational sac has grown to a certain size. The gestational sac increases as the pregnancy progress. It has been suggested by the latest studies to use a mean sac diameter of 25 mm or more, and no visible embryo to diagnose failed pregnancy. A mean sac diameter of 16 to 24 mm and no embryo is suspicious for failed pregnancy, but shouldn’t be used to diagnose it.

- Time-based criteria: This is the absence of an embryo by a certain point in time. If an initial sonogram shows that there is a gestational sac and a yolk sac, but about 11 days later there isn’t any embryo with cardiac activity, then a failed pregnancy can be established. The timing event in early pregnancy is precise and reproducible to perform a correct diagnosis.

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- Yolk sac: An enlarged yolk sac sized over 7 mm is suspicious for a failed pregnancy.

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