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Licemer1 [7]
3 years ago
15

Which principle explains how fiber optics can transmit data in the form of light pulses over large distances with little loss in

signal strength? total internal reflection the index of refraction the index of reflection total internal refraction
Physics
1 answer:
Lena [83]3 years ago
7 0

fiber-optic cable is composed of two concentric layers, called the core and the cladding, as illustrated in Figure 3-1. The core and cladding have different refractive indices, with the core having a refractive index of n1, and the cladding having a refractive index of n2. The index of refraction is a way of measuring the speed of light in a material. Light travels fastest in a vacuum. The actual speed of light in a vacuum is 300,000 kilometers per second, or 186,000 miles per second.

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Mechanical energy can change to nonmechanical energy as a result of?​
Maksim231197 [3]

physics

:p

Mechanical energy is commonly referred to as "the ability to do work." This is a somewhat inaccurate (though still useful) idea of it, as I'll describe.

Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy (energy associated with motion) and potential energy (energy associated with position). Technically speaking, heat energy (the most common example of non-mechanical energy) is small-scale kinetic energy, but for macroscopic systems, this energy is not mechanical. Although it has the ability to do work, it is small-scale and thus not considered "mechanical."

As far as how mechanical energy is transformed into nonmechanical energy, let me provide a couple of examples:

One is the classic example of friction. When two surfaces rub together, they generate thermal energy, or heat. This is a transformation of the mechanical kinetic energy of the objects into the thermal non-mechanical energy (which is small-scale kinetic energy). This is the primary reason why there are no perfect machines--some energy is always lost as heat due to friction.

Another example is a small electric generator. Rotating a small circuit in a magnetic field will induce a voltage and generate electrical non-mechanical energy. This is a transformation of the kinetic energy associated with the rotation into electrical energy.

The primary difference between mechanical energy and non-mechanical energy is the scope. Mechanical energy is generally associated with macroscopic objects (like water wheels), while non-mechanical energy is generally on the sub-microscopic scale (the kinetic energy of individual atoms). Both can do work, though working with mechanical energy is generally more helpful than trying to work with non-mechanical energy.

7 0
4 years ago
A strip of copper 150 μm thickand 4.5 mm wide is placed in a uniform magnetic field B (vector) ofmagnitude 0.65 T, with B (vecto
kykrilka [37]

Answer:

V_H=7.3544\times 10^{-6} \,V

Explanation:

Given that:

thickness of the metal strip, d=150\times 10^{-6} m

width of the metal strip, w=4.5\times 10^{-3}m

magnitude of the perpendicular magnetic field, B=0.65 \,T

current through the strip, I=23\,A

charge density, n=8.47\times 10^{28} \,electrons\,per\,m^3

Hall voltage is a transverse voltage given by:

V_H=\frac{I.B}{n.e.d}

putting the respective values

V_H=\frac{23\times 0.65}{(8.47\times 10^{28})\times 1.6\times 10^{-19}\times (150\times 10^{-6} )}

V_H=7.3544\times 10^{-6} \,V

Note:

V = E d is used when a charge is moved in a uniform electric field between the two oppositely charged plates, it can't be used here because it is the case of Hall effect where the small voltage develops transverse  to the direction of current flow.

6 0
3 years ago
Comparing dui checkpoints and seatbelt laws in their ability to reduce motor vehicle fatalities is an example of:
Naily [24]
The answer that best completes the statement above is COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS. Occasionally, DUI checkpoints, also known as sobriety checkpoints are being established by police on the roadsides for safety purposes. This is also the same with the seatbelt laws. Both of these aim in decreasing motor-vehicular accidents. Comparing these two, we call it cost-effective analysis. When we say cost-effective, the effectivity of the action if being assessed in relation to the cost it takes to enforce the rule.
5 0
3 years ago
_______ is the founder of operant conditioning.
Step2247 [10]
B.F Skinner is what i am thinking in my mind right know
8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A ball is thrown up into the air with an initial velocity of 18 m/s. A) How high does the ball go? B) Calculate the time needed
kaheart [24]

Answer:

B) t = 1.83 [s]

A) y = 16.51 [m]

Explanation:

To solve this problem we must use the following equation of kinematics.

v_{f} =v_{o} -g*t

where:

Vf = final velocity = 0

Vo = initial velocity = 18 [m/s]

g = gravity acceleration = 9.81 [m/s²]

t = time [s]

Note: the negative sign in the above equation means that the acceleration of gravity is acting in the opposite direction to the motion.

A) The maximum height is reached when the final velocity of the ball is zero.

0 = 18 - (9.81*t)

9.81*t = 18

t = 18/9.81

t = 1.83 [s], we found the answer for B.

Now using the following equation.

y = y_{o} + v_{o}*t - 0.5*g*t^{2}\\

where:

y = elevation [m]

Yo = initial elevation = 0

y = 18*(1.83) - 0.5*9.81*(1.83)²

y = 16.51 [m]

7 0
3 years ago
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