Surely only a few of us know that many modern high-school-level concepts in mathematics first were developed in Africa, as was the first method of counting. More than 35,000 years ago, Egyptians scripted textbooks about math that included division and multiplication of fractions and geometric formulas to calculate the area and volume of shapes (3). Distances and angles were calculated, algebraic equations were solved and mathematically based predictions were made of the size of floods of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians considered a circle to have 360 degrees and estimated Π at 3.16 (3).
Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it required much abstract reasoning (4).
Astronomy
Several ancient African cultures birthed discoveries in astronomy. Many of these are foundations on which we still rely, and some were so advanced that their mode of discovery still cannot be understood. Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon. They divided the year into 12 parts and developed a yearlong calendar system containing 365 ¼ days (3). Clocks were made with moving water and sundial-like clocks were used (3).
A structure known as the African Stonehenge in present-day Kenya (constructed around 300 B.C.) was a remarkably accurate calendar (5). The Dogon people of Mali amassed a wealth of detailed astronomical observations (6). Many of their discoveries were so advanced that some modern scholars credit their discoveries instead to space aliens or unknown European travelers, even though the Dogon culture is steeped in ceremonial tradition centered on several space events. The Dogon knew of Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, the spiral structure of the Milky Way and the orbit of the Sirius star system. Hundreds of years ago, they plotted orbits in this system accurately through the year 1990 (6). They knew this system contained a primary star and a secondary star (now called Sirius B) of immense density and not visible to the naked eye.
Metallurgy and tools
Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art (2, 7).
Advances in Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago surpassed those of Europeans then and were astonishing to Europeans when they learned of them. Ancient Tanzanian furnaces could reach 1,800°C — 200 to 400°C warmer than those of the Romans (8).
One result<span> of the </span>war<span> was the division of Germany into many territories — all of which, despite their membership in the Empire, won de facto sovereignty. This limited the power of the Holy Roman Empire and decentralized German power. The</span>Thirty Years<span>' </span>War<span> rearranged the European power structure.</span>
Answer:
Germany attempt to exterminate the Jews
Explanation:
Let's understand this better.<u> In a biblical explanation</u>, the term holocaust <u>means destruction (Shoah)</u>. <u>In a historical explanation</u>, it was Germany <u>attempt to exterminate the Jews of Europe</u>. The holocaust was <u>a result of the anger and xenophobia created and increased during the years between wars (1920 and 1939).</u> After the Crash of 1929 in the United States, European countries that were recovering after World War I, fall into an economic crisis. <u>In the case of Germany, specifically, felt into an economic depression. </u>The subsequent governments were unable to solve these problems, opening the way to Nazism. <u>According to Hiter, the Jews were responsible for all the german problems. </u>His conceptions, summarized in Mein Kampf, advocate that the <u>Aryan race was superior, and all the other races were unworthy to live. This includes the jews</u>, but more than just a "race", <u>Hitler saw the jews as the bankers and businessman, the ones who had money, while the entire country was in depression. </u>The antisemitism and the racism led to the holocaust, and the attempt to exterminate the problem.
Marcus Garvey a controversial figure through a lifetime of events
Answer:
b.
Explanation:
governments have authority through consent of the people and their elected/chosen representatives.
