Since multicellular plants and animals have organs that perform specific functions, eukaryotic cells have organelles to perform their specific functions.
Biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial chemicals due to genetic diversity.
<h3>How do biofilms increase antibiotic resistance?</h3>
Biofilms are considered as a reservoir of genetic diversity. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes increase in biofilm due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
HGT can happen through the transfer of plasmids among microorganism cells in a biofilm through conjugation so that's why the antimicrobial resistance is higher in a biofilm than in free-floating bacterial cells.
Learn more about resistance here: brainly.com/question/24858512
Answer: Tetracycline.
Explanation:
A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that is separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicates independently of it. They encode for certain genes that play a key role in antibiotic resistance. <u>Restriction enzymes are endonucleases that catalyze the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds in different regions located within a DNA strand</u>. PstI is an example of an endonuclease, it is a type II restriction enzyme produced by the microorganism <em>Providencia stuartii</em> that possesses a restriction target in double-stranded DNA dependent on an unmethylated, palindromic, asymmetric sequence, and in this example, it cuts the plasmid at a single site in the ampicillin-resistance gene. After that, the DNA is annealed with another fragment of DNA and this new recombinant molecule is used to transform <em>E. coli</em> cells. Transformation is a key step in DNA cloning because it occurs after restriction enzyme digestion and ligation treatments and transfers newly made plasmids into bacteria. <u>So these bacterias will have a new fragment of DNA, which still has a tetracycline resistance gene but it no longer has the ampicillin resistance gene because it was disrupted by the restiction enzyme</u>. Thereby, the antibiotic resistance phenotype is the tetracycline resistace.