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4 years ago

Describe four types of point mutations: transitions, transversions, deletions, and additions.

Biology

1 answer:

IgorLugansk [536]4 years ago

8 0

Explanation:

Mutation - any sudden and hereditary change in the genetic set of an organism, which is not explained by the recombination of pre existing genetic variation. Point mutation - Changes in the nucleotide sequence, which alter the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chain encoded by the gene, leading to a phenotypic change.

When a purine base is replaced by another purine base (A by G or vice versa) or a pyrimidine base is replaced by another pyrimidine base (T by C or vice versa) it is called a transition. In contrast to the transitions we have the so-called transversions, which are mutations where a purine base is replaced by another pyrimidine, or vice versa, that is, a pair C-G is replaced by another A-T or vice versa. It may be a simple substitution of a base pair, which may be by deletion or addition of one or a few bases. Deletion: is the loss of a portion of the chromosome, resulting in the lack of one or more genes

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In the electron transport system

antoniya [11.8K]

Answer:

A. NADH and FADH2 both donate electrons at the same location.

Explanation:

In the respiratory chain, four large protein complexes inserted into the mitochondrial inner membrane transport NADH and FADH₂ electrons (formed in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) to oxygen gas, reducing them to NAD⁺ and FAD, respectively.

These electrons have great affinity for oxygen gas and, when combined with it, reduce it to water molecules at the end of the reaction.

Oxygen gas effectively participates in cellular respiration at this stage, so its absence would imply interruption of the process.

NADH and FADH₂ electrons, when attracted to oxygen, travel a path through protein complexes, releasing energy in this process.

The energy released by the NADH and FADH₂ electrons in the respiratory chain in theory yields 34 ATP, however, under normal conditions an average of 26 ATP molecules is formed.

If we consider that these 26 molecules are added to the two ATP formed in glycolysis and two ATP formed in the Krebs cycle, it can be said that cellular respiration reaches a maximum yield of 30 ATP per glucose molecule, although theoretically this number was 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

5 0

3 years ago

1. How did dark matter affect the development of structures in the early universe?

-Dominant- [34]

Answer:

1. It seeded the development of galaxies

2. The percentage of dark matter has shrunk in scientists' estimates since the 1980s

The percentage of unknown material has grown in scientists' estimates since the 1970%

3. Supernovae that are moving away at an accelerating rate.

Explanation:

1. How did dark matter affect the development of structures in the early universe?

It seeded the development of galaxies.

It seeded the development of quasars.

It cooled pockets of gas to form nebulae.

it became part of black holes

2. How has scientific understanding about the composition of the universe changed over time? Select the two correct answers.

The percentage of dark matter has shrunk in scientists' estimates since the 1980s

The percentage of unknown material has grown in scientists' estimates since the 1970%

The percentage of ordinary matter has grown in scientists' estimates.

The percentage of dark energy has shrunk in scientists estimates

3. Which is evidence for the existence of dark energy?

Pulsars that seem to be moving closer at an accelerating rate.

Supernovae that are moving away at an accelerating rate.

Black holes that are expanding at a constant rate.

Galaxies that are rotating at a constant rate.

Please don't use these answer's to cheat they are to help only.

6 0

3 years ago

Does talking to plants help them grow? C.E.R

Bezzdna [24]

No plants can’t understand your voice

3 0

3 years ago

What type of energy is transferred during heating? a. thermal b. convective c. conductive d. temperate

Katena32 [7]

Thermal energy is transferred during heating.

What is thermal energy?

Thermal energy refers to the ability to do work. As such thermal energy can also be defined as the ability of something to do work as a result of the movement of its particles.
In other words, thermal energy is the energy possessed by an object or body by virtue of the movement of its constituent particles.
It is the total internal kinetic energy of an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules.
Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy owing to the fact that it results from the movement of particles. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Thermal energy forms the foundation of the study of heat energy and thermodynamics. It is one of the oldest forms of energy utilized by mankind.
Its usage existed even before petroleum and nuclear power sources were discovered.

To learn more about thermal energy: brainly.com/question/3022807

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2 years ago

Which term best demonstrates when an organism is better adapted to the environment that they live in and are most likely to surv

Maksim231197 [3]

The answer is natural selection. :)

7 0

4 years ago

Read 2 more answers