I believe that an adjuvant is a chemical addictive that increases the effectiveness of vaccines. It is a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents. It may be added to a vaccine to modify the immune response by boosting it such as to give a higher amount of antibodies and a longer lasting protection, and hence minimizing the amount of the foreign material or vaccine injected.
Answer:
In the lysogenic cycle, the viral genome gets incorporated into the host genome and replicates with the host genome. In the lysogenic cycle, no proteins and enzymes of the virus are formed while in the lytic cycle protein of viral capsid form and new phages generate in the host cell.
So as the viral genome integrates into the host genome in the lysogenic cycle, therefore, it is difficult for any drug to differentially act on the viral genome. So there are great chances for drugs to target the host genome in the host cell.
But in virus that replicates through lytic cycle drugs can selectively act on viral enzyme and proteins. Therefore it is difficult to make a drug that affects lysogenic virus.
Answer:
Once you begin swallowing, the process becomes automatic. Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins. Lower esophageal sphincter. When food reaches the end of your esophagus, a ringlike muscle—called the lower esophageal sphincter —relaxes and lets food pass into your stomach.
Answer:
Hyphae
Explanation:
It is given that the bat affected by fungus, Geomyces destructans (Gd) consists of delicate, white filamentous mat on their muzzles which could be possibly the hyphae.
It is so because the hyphae is made of cells having tubular cell walls which more or less look like internal cross-walls having large pores to absorb nutrients from the surrounding environment (i.e bat’s body) and transport them to thallus. Hyphae are basically long thread like structures that spread throughout their food and release enzymes that break down the food
