Answer:
Option b. Lowering the pH to kill pathogenic bacteria is correct answer.
Explanation:
bacterial motors are sensitive to pH. By decreasing the pH bacterial motors stops working. This was identified in a new research. But, with the weak acids and a lower internal pH they slow and ultimately stop moving (became dead).
Reference: Powell, K. Acid stops bacteria swimming. Nature (2003).
True. Some bacterial cells are resistant to a variety of antimicrobials because they actively pump the drugs out of the cell.
A significant resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria is drug efflux. It expel solutes from the cell. Antimicrobials and metabolites are just a few of the hazardous compounds that Efflux pumps help bacteria remove from their interior environments so they can regulate it.
The main efflux systems in Gram-negative bacteria are members of the RND superfamily and typically consist of an outer membrane protein channel, a periplasmic protein, and a cytoplasmic membrane pump. The most common example is MFS (such as Bmr and Blt in Bacillus subtilis) and the ABC transporters.
Learn more about antimicrobials here:
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The hypothesis is the question you are trying to answer or the problem you need to figure out, it is kind of like a starting point
<span>The mouse and rabbit both have a competitive relationship. They both have a place in a similar class. They are in the group of mammalia. There are environmental connections of which two are oppositional and four are harmonious. The oppositional connections are predation and rivalry.</span>
The cells that produce pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins during the digestive process is Chief cells. Pepsin is the main digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins. Pepsin is produced by the chief cells in the inactive form pepsinogen, which is then converted to pepsin by the hydrochloric acid from the parietal cells.
