A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan. The land that is now Afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions. ... Mahmud of Ghazni, an 11th century conqueror who created an empire from Iran to India, is considered the greatest of Afghanistan's conquerors.
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As a result of the Great Schism of 1378, the popes gained greater power throughout all of Europe. Explanation: Between 1309 and 1377, the papacy's residence was changed from Rome to Avignon, France, as Pope Clement V was taken (without debate) by the French king to reside in Avignon.
Explanation:
Lack of mineral resources has forced Japan to become a trading nation.