As a result of the Great Schism of 1378, the popes gained greater power throughout all of Europe. Explanation: Between 1309 and 1377, the papacy's residence was changed from Rome to Avignon, France, as Pope Clement V was taken (without debate) by the French king to reside in Avignon.
Immigration policies refer to a national sphere because it affects the country as a whole, so all changes and the formulation process of an immigration policy must come from a national sphere and the whole country needs to live by these laws and policies.
