Most models can't incorporate all the details of complex natural phenomena. For example, when measuring distances around the Earth it's convenient to model the Earth as a sphere, but this doesn't incorporate variations in distance because of mountain ranges, valleys and other topological features the traveler must traverse. Incorporating these additional details would make the model too complex for easy use. Since models must be simple enough that you can use them to make predictions, they often leave out some of the details.
ALSO.
The conformation of molecules are based on probability. It fails to take into account the electronegativity of individual atoms. And it is ineffective in showing inorganic interactions with metals and such.
Answer:
a) to provide NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and for dealing with oxidative stress
d) to provide ribose-phosphate for nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis
Explanation:
During the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized into pentose phosphates. This pathway uses NADP as an electron acceptor and reduces it into NADPH. The products of this pathway, the pentose phosphates are used by the cells to synthesize nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The pentose phosphates are also used for the synthesis of nucleotides and coenzymes such as NADH, FADH2, etc.
These synthetic pathways are particularly occurring at a higher rate in the rapidly dividing cells such as the cells of bone marrow, skin. The NADPH formed during this pathway is used by cells as an electron donor for the reactions of reductive biosynthesis. Some of these pathways are the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and steroid hormones. NADPH is also involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species such as oxygen radicals. These ROS are responsible for oxidative stress.
Answer:
D. The threat of predators to eat eggs
Explanation:
The internal gestation followed by live birth was an adaptation developed by the mammals on land, and by some fish in the water, like the sharks. The mammals have been the most marking ones in this adaptation though. They too were producing eggs initially, but because they were living in an environment where there were numerous animals that preyed upon them, as well as their eggs, they had to be innovative. They developed internal gestation, where the embryo was developing inside the body of the female, and then it was born alive. This was providing extra safety, as the embryo was always with the mother, instead of being left alone and not guarded, thus an easy meal for the predators. The two types of internal gestation that the mammals developed are the placental and marsupial types, with the placental turning out to be more successful over time.
B. all of the properties. Compounds have the same properties of itself
