DNA ligase is the enzyme that repair irregularities and breaks in the back bone of double stranded DNA. The enzyme function by sealing the repair in the DNA, it seals recombination fragments and it connects okazaki fragments during replication of DNA.
If a mutation reduce the amount of ligase, all the functions of the ligase enzyme listed above will be affected negatively.
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Answer:
Humoral immunity:
Humoral immunity is mediated by the macromolecules present in the extracellular fluid. This immunity provides protection against the pathogens present in the extracellular fluid. B- cells are mainly produced by the humoral immunity. The plasma cell and memory cells are generated in the human body. Antibodies kill the pathogens in humoral immunity.
Cell mediated immunity:
Cell mediated immunity is activated by the infected cells. This immunity provides protection against intracellular pathogens. T- cells are mainly produced by cell mediated immunity. T helper cells and T killer cells are mainly produced in the cell mediated immunity. Cytokines kill the pathogens in case of cell mediated immunity.
Assuming both packages are the same size and shape, and neither will be affected by wind resistance, both packages will fall at the gravitaional constant of 9.86 m/s/s, and C) they will both strike the ground at the same time.
Answer:
The nitrogen cycle represents one of the most important nutrient cycles found in terrestrial ecosystems (Figure 9s-1). Nitrogen is used by living organisms to produce a number of complex organic molecules like amino acids , proteins , and nucleic acids .
Explanation:
