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3 years ago

A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to (1 point)

2 answers:

4 0

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that functions to stop the cancer progression in the body. Any defect in this gene would make the regulation of the cell cycle difficult as the defective gene can no longer respond to the growth regulators and identify the damage in the cell.

Further Explanation:

Tumor protein 53 is abbreviated as p53. It encodes a protein thatisessential for cell cycle regulation and therefore, hasa role in tumor suppression. This gene is also known as the ‘guardian of the genome’ due to its function in providing stability to the genome by detecting mutation.

In humans, the p53 gene is present on chromosome number 17. The protein it encodes is composed of 393 amino acids which together form four domains. One domain functions to activate the transcription factors, one for the recognition of DNA sequences, another domain brings about protein tetramerization whereas, the last domain detects the damage in the DNA which can be a misalignment of base pairs or strand breakage.

A normal p53 gene produces a normal protein which is usually present in a low amount in a healthy cell. During stress conditions or damaged DNA, the level of p53 protein increases within the cell and performs three main functions: DNA repair, apoptosis, and growth arrest. When the damage is detected in the DNA, the growth regulators are activated in response to which p53 protein arrests the cell cycle until the damage is corrected. It also activates those proteins which are required for the DNA repair process. p53 protein also regulates apoptosis so as to obstruct the multiplication of cells with abnormal DNA.

A defective p53 gene is unable to perform its normal functions and also enhances tumor progression. It will not be able to recognize the growth regulators and therefore, cell cycle arrest due to the damage in the DNA will not take place. In such a case, the DNA replication for the damaged DNA will occur producing lesions and breaks leading to mutation.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about aerobic and anaerobic respiration brainly.com/question/1544781

2. Learn more about cellular respiration brainly.com/question/543244

3. Learn more about alcoholic respirationhttps://brainly.com/question/7419007

Answer Details:

Grade: Higher secondary

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Tumor Suppressor gene

Keywords:

p53, tumor protein 53, tumor suppressor gene, cell cycle, cell cycle arrest, DNA, DNA damage, mutation, breaks, lesions, DNA replication, growth regulators, apoptosis.

Nastasia [14]3 years ago

3 0

The right answer is stop responding to growth regulators.

The p53 protein is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cancer. Discovered in 1979, it binds to DNA and promotes the expression of genes that must repair cellular damage. The p53 protein controls the cell cycle and interacts with dozens of genes.

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Match the cell adhesion or junction with the appropriate choice. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the rig

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The missing options are:

A) protein subunits associated with gap junctions.

B) a type of adhesive junction connecting an epithelial cell to the basal lamina.

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A) protein subunits associated with gap junctions. Conexin

B) a type of adhesive junction connecting an epithelial cell to the basal lamina. Hemidesmosome

C) collection of fibrous intracellular attachment proteins. Plaque

D) create a permeability barrier. Tight junctions

E) button-like points of strong adhesion between two cells. Desmosome

F) hollow cylinders associated with gap junctions. Connexons

G) type of adherens junction connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. focal adhesion

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I) collection of adherens junctions particularly associated with epithelial cells.

J) type of adhesive junction containing actin microfilaments. Adherens junctions

K) specialized modifications of the cell membrane in which two cells come together in multicellular organisms. Cell junctions

L) point of cytoplasmic contact between two cells. Gap junction

M) anchors cytoskeleton of one cell with that of a neighboring cell. Adhesive junction

Explanation:

Connexin: is a transmembrane protein that forms the gap junctions, they are also called gap junctions proteins.

Hemidesmosome junctions: these types of junctions are in the epidermis, specifically between the epithelial cells and the basal lamina of the epidermis.

Plaque: they are part of the adherens junctions, they are fibrous proteins that are attached to certain points of the extracellular matrix.

Tight junctions: are junctions between two epithelia, they are very restrictive and do not allow the passage of soluble molecules creating a permeability barrier.

Desmosomes: are very strong cell to cell junctions on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. They are in tissues that are under mechanical stress, such as the cardiac muscle.

Connexons: is a pore made of six connexin proteins in a gap junction. Connexons are the ones that connect two cells in gap junctions.

Focal adhesions: They connect the extracellular matrix with the cell, regulatory signs and mechanical force is transmitted through them.

Tonofilaments: tonofilaments are the ones that are associated with a plaque in adherens junctions, they are in epithelial tissues.

Adherens junctions: are cell to cell junctions where the cytoplasmatic face is connected to the actin cytoskeleton. They appear as spots forming the plaque or as zonula adherens, which are actin bands around the cell.

Cell junctions are protein complexes that connect two cells that are next to each other or a cell with the extracellular matrix. They have a lot of functions, such as pas information from cell to cell, or the exterior, form a barrier, synchronize cells, etc.

Gap junctions: are connections between the cytoplasm of two cells, molecules and, ions pass directly from one cell to the other.

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