What fuelled the great explorations of Spain and Portugal weren't because they liked doing it, it was because silk and spices were super expensive to be traded along the Silk Road, past Arab states that imposed hefty taxes, and had to be shipped all the way across the Mediterranean Sea, where ports made fortunes by levying even more on the goods.
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</span><span>a. judicial review
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To oppose a presidential or legislative act, the judiciary may recover a judicial review, in order to show how such a measure is unconstitutional and, thus, can not be made official.
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Answer:
Loyalty to the nation state
Explanation: