Question

​ In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, how do hydrogen ions get back into the stroma?

Answer 1

Answer:

In the light-dependent reactions, water molecules do not give up electrons easily so the hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid compartment. The movement of the hydrogen ions back to the stroma is due to the gradient.  

The hydrogen ions have energy as they flow down the gradient that takes place due to the chemiosmosis process, oxygen combines and flows or diffuse.