This statement is false.
The definition which you wrote above doesn't refer to formal sanctioning, but rather to internalization. Formal sanctioning has to do with receiving formal punishment for something wrong an individual has done within a society.
The demand curve slopes downward because of diminishing marginal utility, and also because of the substitution and income effects.
It should be the first option: nation-state
Relationships between the two countries worsened
The relationships between the two countries worsened despite Carter strong intent to normalize relation between the two countries. This was caused by Cuba adventures in Africa and his sending of prisoners to the USA.
