President pro tempore is your answer
The meaning of the above phrase is "temporary president", and is the acting president when the president & vice president is not available.
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Although the documents mentioned in the question are not included, we can still explain the causes of the rise of nationalism during this period using other sources.
The idea of a "nation" is a modern creation. This idea is widely different to how people thought of themselves in premodern times. Prior to the development of nationalism, people thought of themselves as subjects or followers of a leader. They also identified themselves with their family or village, rather than a large community.
Nationalism only became possible after people began feeling a connection to those who shared their own language, culture and traditions, even when they had never met them before. Two important causes of this were the ideas of liberalism and the Romantic movement.
An important catalyst for this was the rise of liberalism. Liberal ideology encouraged the idea of representation of people in government. Therefore, people began to identify themselves with the government, and to think of themselves as a common people within a political unity. The permanence of people meant that the state did not equal the ruling dynasty. Instead, the king might change, but the nation prevailed.
Nationalism was also born out of Romanticism, which encouraged a romantic view of culture, traditions and common history. It also created a romantic view of land and nationhood. Because of this, there was an attempt to redraw borders to permanently match cultural and linguistic boundaries. Moreover, nationalism encouraged the idea of self-determination.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached we can say the following.
What was at stake between the competing candidates, especially Adams and Jackson was the reputation and legality of the United States election system.
We are talking about the controversial US election of 1824.
In this election, four candidates participated: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and William Crawford. The election resulted very competitively, without a clear winner. In the end, Andrew Jackson won the popular vote. That is why the final result relied on the hands of the House of Representatives. Congress gave the final victory to Jhon Quincy Adams, and candidate Jackson accused the decision to be corrupted.
President Adams appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State and that made Andrew Jackson accuse this of a corruption action. The popular mane of this situation was known as the Corrupt Bargain.
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