If he studied a small sample it wouldn't be a representative sample. since he got such a large sample there is a chance most likely all organisms follow the rules of evolution.
Speciation is b. the process by which new species are formed. They are often caused by the isolation of certain organisms in terms of environment or geographical area. This is part of the evolutionary changes that various species undergo to brought about by natural selection.
Producer.
I remember it by thinking: "auto means automatic, so autotrophs automatically make their own food, so they must be producers"
Pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde by enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase in the presence of Thiamine pyrophosphate and Mg ++. Carbon-dioxide is released during this reaction.
