a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae.
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It consists of skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin protects the body from the environment on the outside. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. It also helps store fat and water.
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B. Stems absorbed water and minerals from soil
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Answer: d. none of the other answers
Explanation:
Enzymes that turn chemical energy into mechanical work are molecular motors.
There are three main components of cytoskeleton including microtubules, actin filaments and Intermediate filaments. Only actin filaments and microtubules carry the motor-driven transport on the cytoskeleton.
The most important feature of intermediate filaments is to provide the plasma membrane with mechanical support where it comes into contact with the extracellular matrix and other cells.
Unlike microtubules and microfilament , intermediate filaments are not involved in motility of the cells, hence do not associat with molecular motors.
Hence, the correct option is d.
