Answer:
In addition to biology, evidence drawn from many different disciplines, including chemistry, geology, and mathematics, supports models of the origin of life on Earth. In order to determine when the first forms of life likely formed, the rate of radioactive decay can be used to determine the age of the oldest rocks (see optional problems C and D, below) exposed on Earth’s surface. These are found to be approximately 3.5 billion years old. The age of rocks can be correlated to fossils of the earliest forms of life. A. The graph compares times of divergence from the last common ancestor based on the fossil record with a "molecular time" constructed by comparing sequences of conserved proteins to determine a mutation rate (after Hedges and Kumar, Trends in Genetics, 2003). Explain how such a molecular clock could be refined to infer time or the evolution of prokaryotes. B. Using a molecular clock constructed from 32 conserved proteins, Hedges and colleagues (Battistuzzi et al., BMC Evol. Biol. 2004) estimated the times during which key biological processes evolved. A diagram based on their work is shown. Connect the time of the origin of life inferred from this diagram with the age of the oldest fossil stromatolites and the age of the oldest exposed rock to show how evidence from different scientific disciplines provides support for the concept of evolution. Evaluate the legitimacy of claims drawn from these different disciplines (biology, geology, and mathematics) regarding the origin of life on Earth. The oldest known rocks are exposed at three locations: Greenland, Australia, and Swaziland. The following application of mathematical methods provides essential evidence of the minimum age of Earth.
Explanation:
Answer:
Organisms decompose more quickly when they are in contact with oxygen. ... When an organism is buried quickly, there is less decay and the better the chance for it to be preserved. The hard parts of organisms, such as bones, shells, and teeth have a better chance of becoming fossils than do softer parts.
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Fiscal policy refers to the use of the government budget to affect the economy. ... Generally, expansionary policy leads to higher budget deficits, and contractionary policy reduces deficits. An expansionary fiscal policy leads to higher budget deficits while a contractionary policy reduces deficits
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Answer:
B. All of the fish, bacteria, and mammals that live in a lake
Explanation:
In terms of biology an individual make population, population makes a species and interaction between different species makes community. Interaction of living and non-living things make an ecosystem.
Community involves interaction between all the living organisms present in a given environment. Hence, interaction between fish, bacteria, and mammals that live in a lake is a community.
Hence, the correct answer is "B. All of the fish, bacteria, and mammals that live in a lake".
Crypts Feature is shared by all tonsils but is absent in other malt nodules. Anatomical structures called crypts are deep, narrow incisions into larger structures. The Crypts of Lieberkühn are a typical type of anatomical crypt.
It is not the only form of the tonsil, though; some tonsils also feature crypts. The deep regions of these tonsils are accessible to the outside world through these crypts, making them more susceptible to infection. An intestinal gland, also known as a Lieberkühn crypt or intestinal crypt, is a gland that can be found in the small and large intestines' intestinal epithelium between villi (or colon).
The epithelium that covers the glans and intestinal villi are made up of a variety of cells, including enterocytes (which absorb water and electrolytes), goblet cells (which secrete mucus), enteroendocrine cells (which secrete hormones), cup cells, tuft cells, and Paneth cells (which secrete antimicrobial peptides) and stem cells at the base of the gland.
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