Bad harvests maybe im pretty sure
He explains that people or born with natural rights that another human cannot take away from somebody. He gives the examples of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, among others.
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An elected monarchy is a country where people choose their monarchs. In regular monarchies, inheriting the throne is hereditary meaning that family members pass it from one to another. In an elected one, people choose who the monarch will be. It's something like an archaic presidential run but the monarch has way more power than a president has nowadays. This was common in some Arabic countries in history.