Disadvantage:
1. Cause health problems for animals eating the product.
2. Some GM foods may contain allergens and toxins.
3. Gene transfer may occur between organisms.
The main function of cladodes is : Photosynthesis
Cladodes are a type of modified stems that has a flattened form like leaf. The function is actually also to replace the leaves in photosynthesis process. Hope this helps
Hydrogen
Iron
Aluminum
Copper
Sodium
Carbon
Silver
Mercury
Gold
Lead
........
Cells use glucose to power themselves. They get glucose different ways. Since glucose is sugar, animals just consume sugar and their bodies convert it into glucose. Plants use photosynthesis to produce glucose.