Answer:
A gene mutation can be described as errors in the nucleotide sequence of a gene due to errors in the DNA replication process or due to any mutagen. On the other hand, a chromosomal mutation can be described as a change in the structure of a DNA or changes in the number of chromosomes.
A gene mutation occurs in a single gene whereas a chromosomal mutation will affect many genes. Hence, gene mutations will be comparatively less lethal than chromosomal mutations.
Example of gene mutation: Sickle cell anemia
Example of chromosomal mutation: Down's Syndrome
Answer:
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Explanation:
Damselfish:It eats macroalgae,which is a consumer but not a primary consumer.No
Tiger Shark:It eats a manta ray which is a tertiary consumer.So No
Manta Ray:It eats a zooplankton which is a primary consumer.So Yes
Convict Bang:It eats macroalgae,which is a consumer but not a primary consumer.No
Answer:
Fungi are unicellular organisms eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and molds.
Bacteria are group of single-cell microorganisms present in different shapes such as spirals, rods or spheres.
<em>Some of the fungi can causes disease and infection to humans same as bacteria.</em>
Fungi infects humans primarily through their skin. As fungi reproduce through spore formation often present in the air and soil and come in contact with human body surface which further multiply at body surface and infects human. Some of the fungal infections include ringworm, athlete's foot and jock itch.
Same as Fungi bacteria also enters into human body and multiply within the human cell causing human diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid fever and cholera.
Answer:
A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."
C. After about 90 seconds of intense exercise, the muscles become depleted of oxygen, and anaerobic respiration can no longer function to produce ATP, resulting in "oxygen debt."
Explanation:
There are two sources of carbohydrates in the human's body for energy (ATP) production. 1) Creatine phosphate and 2) Glycogen. Creatine phosphate metabolizes easily and yields ATP quickly. Whereas glycogen is stored form of carbohydrate which yields energy more slowly. Therefore, initially, our bodies use creatine phosphate and then shift to glycogen. Within 60-90 seconds, the creatinine phosphate in the body is mostly utilized and then energy is produced by the use of glycogen in aerobic pathway. During areobic pathway, oxygen supply is sufficient and per cycle, it produces 32 molecules of ATP. However, when oxygen supply is limited or absent, the body will metabolize glycogen to lactic acid via fermentation and produce only 2 molecules of ATP.
Now consider the example: Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace therefore the supply of oxygen is sufficient for aerobic cellular respiration for ATP production. In this scenario, the oxygen debt is minimal and Kenny relies on aerobic respiration pathway to obtain energy. On the other hand, Janelle runs fast (100 meters in 13.5 seconds) and her cellular respiration would be on the compense of aerobic pathway initially which will be shifted to anaerobic pathway after the supply of oxygen is reduced/minimum. Janelle will heavily rely on the anaerobic pathway because running fast needs energy which cannot be provided via aerobic pathway easily. Therefore, Janelle's body will produce lactic acid and suffer from oxygen debt.
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