Think about what a claim is. a claim is something that you state, even if you don't have proof. choice C is a fact, not a claim--it would be used as evidence to support a claim, but it doesn't serve as a claim itself.
i would say that B is the most appropriate claim to argue that people should be more nutritionally knowledgeable. choice D is almost a counterargument, in a sense, because it lists a flaw with food labels. choice A is a statement, but it can be proven with evidence--one could look at a food label to search for the listed items.
The sieve filters the sand and you get resources out of it.
It's when following historical cases with identical being approached the same way unless overlooked in the court
If we say simple predicate, this only refers to the main verb that is used in the sentence. So based on the given sentence above, the simple predicate is the word "arrived" and this is the main verb which describes the subject which is "nurse". Hope this answers your question.