The answer & explanation for this question is given in the attachment below.
Answer:
d. involves analyzing end-user business requirements in order to refine project goals
Explanation:
In the software development life cycle, the implementation stage is the stage where the computer programmers begin the actual coding of the application required by the end-user. At this stage, the developer takes into account the needs and specifications of the customer.
For example, if the end-user wants a software application that can track payment records, the researcher at this stage begins using the right software to code programs that can effect this function.
Def firstChars( word ):
if( word ): # make sure word has characters
print( word[ 0 ] ) # print the first character (Python 3 syntax)